Hindu Ashrams/Organizations
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Hindu Ashrams/Organizations
Rath Yatra Festival
Every year on the auspicious day of Ashadh Sud 2, in early July, Hindus celebrate the Rath Yatra festival. Rath means chariot, Yatra - a pilgrimage or procession. Though this festival is celebrated all over India, it originated in Jagannath Puri on the eastern coast. Every year the deities of Jagannath Mandir - Lord Krishna, Balaram and Subhadra - are traditionally installed on huge chariots. Devotees pull the chariots in a yatra (procession) through the streets. The local king used to serve by humbly sweeping the road ahead with a golden broom.
A look at the several stories associated with its origins throws light on the sentiments underlying the festival:
- Kamsa, the maternal uncle of Lord Krishna,
invited Krishna and Balram to Mathura with the malicious intention of
killing them. The evil Kamsa sent Akrur with a chariot to Gokul. Lord
Krishna and Balram climbed onto the chariot with Akrur, taking leave of
the Gopis to proceed to Mathura. This day of departure is celebrated by
the devotees as Rath Yatra.
- Jubilant devotees celebrated the day when
Lord Krishna, having vanquished the evil Kamsa, gave them darshan in
Mathura in a chariot with his brother, Balaram.
- Devotees in Dwarika celebrated the day
when Lord Krishna, accompanied by Balaram, took Subhadra - his sister, for
a ride on a chariot to show the city's beauty.
- Once in Dwarka, Lord Krishna's eight
queens requested mother Rohini to narrate the divine episodes of Lord
Krishna with the Gopis while he was in Vraj. For a while Rohini dithered.
Finally, after a lot of insistence she relented. However, considering it
unbecoming of Subhadra to hear such episodes (Leela), she sent her to
guard the palace doorway. Yet the Vrajkatha soon absorbed Subhadra. Soon,
Lord Shri Krishna and Balaram arrived at the doorway. With arms wide
apart, she stood between the two, preventing them from entering. However,
from where they stood, Rohini's katha soon engrossed them all! Just then
sage Narad arrived. Seeing the siblings standing together like murtis, he
humbly prayed, "May the three of you grant darshan in this manner
forever." The Lord granted the boon. And the three eternally reside in the
Jagannath Mandir in Puri.
- There is an interesting story of Lord
Krishna becoming the Sarathi - driver of Arjuna's chariot, during the
eighteen-day battle of the Mahabharat.
- Finally, a story which has been passed on
from mouth to mouth, concerns about what happened after the cremation of
Lord Krishna's mortal body.
When Shri Krishna was being cremated in Dwarika, Balaram, overcome with grief, dashed into the ocean with Shri Krishna's partially cremated body. Subhadra too, followed both the brothers. At the same time, on the eastern shore of India, King Indradyumna of Jagannath Puri had a dream that the Lord's body would float up to the shores of Puri. He should build a huge mandir in the city and consecrate the wooden murtis of Shri Krishna, Balaram and Subhadra. The bones (asthi) of Lord Krishna's body should be placed in the hollow in the back of the murti. The dream came true. He found the splinters of bone (asthi) and took them. But the question was who would carve the murtis. It is said that the architect of the gods - Vishwakarma - arrived as an old carpenter. He stipulated that while carving the murtis nobody should disturb him and if anybody did, he would stop work and leave. A few months elapsed. Driven with impatience, Indradyumna opened the door of Vishwakarma's room, who vanished instantly as he had stipulated. Despite the incomplete murtis, the king consecrated them, placing the holy cinders of Lord Krishna in the hollow of the murti and installed them in the mandir. Every year a grand procession is carried out with the murtis of Lord Krishna, Balaram and Subhadra in three gigantic floats. The floats are pulled by devotees from Janakpur to the mandir in Jagannath Puri. The murtis are changed every twelve years, the new ones being incomplete too.
The Jagannath Mandir in Jagannath Puri is one of the four most sacred mandirs in the four directions of the Indian sub - continent. The other three are: Rameshwar in South, Dwarka in West and Badrinath in the Himalayas. Probably the mandir in Jagannath Puri is the only mandir in the world housing murtis of three deities who are siblings - Lord Krishna, Balaram and Subhadra.
There are several Raths mentioned in the
Hindu scriptures:
Katha Upanishad (1/3/3-4) - the Body Rath
Yama, the Lord of Hell reveals to young Natchiketa the Rath with which one
can attain Brahma-vidya - knowledge of Brahman.
Shloka:
Atmanam rathinam viddhi shareeram rathameva tu,
Buddhim tu sarathim viddhi manaha pragrahameva tu.
Indriyani hayanyahur vishayansteshu gocharan,
(Translation):
The atman is Rathi - owner of the `chariot' - the body,
The intellect is the Sarathi - driver,
The mind is the rein,
The senses are the horses, and
The Panch Vishayas - material objects of the five senses - are
the fields of pasture for the horses.
i.e. The person whose Sarathi - intellect - is wise, whose mind fully controls the senses, can traverse Samsara to reach the desired goal - the Lord's abode.
Ramayana - The
Samsara Rath
Lord Ramachandra describes his chariot to Vibhishan, with which he is always
victorious:
Courage and tenacity are its wheels,
Immutable truth and character are its flags,
Strength, discrimination, self-control and charity are its horses,
Forgiveness, mercy and equanimity are the reins, and
Devotion to the Lord is its Sarathi.
With such a chariot one can surely traverse Samsara.
Mahabharat- The
Life Rath
Shri Krishna becomes his devotee,
Arjun's Sarathi, leading him and the Pandavas to victory.
Shri Krishna says in the Gita (18/78) that,
where there is Krishna and Arjuna, there's wealth, victory, power and
immutable morality. This was borne out during the battle when the mighty
warrior Bhishma vowed to kill Arjuna on the tenth day. Lord Krishna
anxiously searched for Arjuna and found him asleep. Bewildered, Lord Krishna
asked him how he could sleep with such a pledge looming over his life. To
his astonishment Arjuna answered, "Because you are awake!"
The ultimate essence of the chariot stories is that the Jiva should
unwarrantedly surrender to the supreme Sarathi - God or the God-realised
Sadhu, if he wishes to successfully traverse the yatra of life, Samsara.
Rath Yatra Festival
in Gujarat
In many cities of Gujarat like Amdavad, Surat, Bhavnagar, etc, glorious
processions are carried out annually with devotional fevour and joy. The
Jagannath Mandir in Amdavad organises a yatra through the walled areas of
the city. People make kaleidoscopic Raths and floats of various materials
mounted on trucks. This year many youth and religious organizations in the
city of Amdavad constructed ninety-eight Raths, which followed the Jagannath
Mandir's fifteen decorated elephants. Onlookers and devotees thronged the
narrow alleys, buildings and balconies, patiently awaiting up to three hours
for the 5-km-long colorful procession to pass by at a sedate pace. When the
chariots with the murtis arrived, people ritually sprinkled rice and gulal
powder as a form of puja. The participants sitting in these raths liberally
handed out fistfuls of prasadam of raw, sprouted mung beans. Children were
given sweets and confectionary. Finally, at the rear were three raths of
Subhadra, Balaram and Lord Krishna. These were all hand-drawn and pushed by
devotees. The flurry and festive excitement was enhanced by the jubilant
chanting of `Jai Ranchhod Makhan Chor'. Indra, the god of rain, too arrived
to participate! It has been noted that sometime during the Rath Yatra,
usually late afternoon or early evening, he sprinkles a light shower, never
a heavy downpour, sanctifying the occasion.
The festival of Rath Yatra is celebrated at all the Swaminarayan Mandirs of
the BAPS. Every year the center in Calcutta celebrates it on a large scale
with colorful floats pulled by devotees and dignitaries. This year the
Satsang center in Surat carried out a procession of eight floats with 15,000
devotees joyously chanting the Lord's name. The 1.5 km long procession
inspired reverence and devotion in thousands of bystanders and pedestrians.
The Rath Yatra is a festival suffused with devotional sentiments for the
Lord. For over five thousand years, Hindus have celebrated this spectacular
festival. Gathering together, they earnestly pray to the Lord to steer the
chariots of their mundane lives through the vicissitudes of Samsara.